Advanced topics

Most programs never need the chapters below. They cover niche corners of the language: grouping values without a declaration, overlapping storage, callbacks, and custom operators. Read the everyday chapters first, and come back here when you need one of these.

• Anonymous structs group a fixed set of named fields into a single value without declaring a named struct.
• Unions overlap members in storage, for type punning and matching C unions imported from headers.
• Function pointers store functions in values and pass callbacks, including C callbacks.
• Operator overloading defines operators for user-defined types.
• Type aliases give short names to long types.
• Private restricts declarations to their module.
• Namespaces scope a file's declarations under one name.
• Iterators define how collections work with for loops.
• Interfaces declare behavior shared across types.
• Generics parameterize functions and types over other types.
• undefined explicitly marks a variable as uninitialized.
• Context carries implicit settings like the allocator.
• Arena bump-allocates short-lived groups of values.
• Defer and destructors run statements and release resources at scope exit.
• Assertions check conditions that must hold.